Damage Specification Standards 2026

DSS-Co
Coating Anomalies

Draft v1.0

Co.01 Sputtered Low‑E & Multilayer Films

Co.01.01 Abrasion sheen shift / rub marks
Co.01.02 Color non‑uniformity / patchiness
Co.01.03 Pinholes/islands (localized loss)
Co.01.04 Chemical attack spots (cleaner/acid/alkali)

Co.02 Pyrolytic (Hard‑Coat) Low‑E

Co.02.01 Roller pickup/line ghosting (pyrolytic line)
Co.02.02 Surface rub/scuff (appearance change)
Co.02.03 Local coating discontinuity

Co.03 AR/IR/Other Functional Coats

Co.03.01 AR bloom/scuff (anti‑reflective)
Co.03.02 Hard‑coat micro‑mottle

Co.04 Spandrel & Back‑Paint Systems

Co.04.01 Mottle/cloudiness (seen from exterior)
Co.04.02 Pinholes/holidays
Co.04.03 Back‑paint adhesion loss islands

Co.05 Ceramic Frit

Co.05.01 Frit smears/offset
Co.05.02 Pinholes/voids
Co.05.03 Frit over‑spray/ghost at edge

Co.01

Sputtered Low‑E & Multilayer Films

DSS-Co.01.01

Abrasion Sheen Shift / Rub Marks (sputtered low-E & multilayer films)

DSS-Co.01.01
Abrasion Sheen Shift / Rub Marks (sputtered low-E & multilayer films)
(Coating anomaly on the worked surface — face-side condition; acceptance constrained by VIS §6.2 “Coatings”)

Definition (Reference)

A localized change in sheen, luster, or color cast on a sputtered low-E or other multilayer functional coating, typically caused by contact, friction, or over-working at the exposed coated face (#1 or #4, as applicable). Presents as a rubbed patch, streak, or directional band without discrete chip flanks. On coated worked surfaces, appearance anomalies introduced by restoration are not permitted at acceptance (see VIS §6; coating appearance context per ASTM C1376).

Typical Presentation (Informative)

Matte or glossy “rub area” that reads as sheen shift vs. surrounding field; strongest under raking light and oblique sweep.
Linear or arcuate streaks aligned with prior motion paths (pads, squeegees, cloths); no bright chip flanks as with scratches.
May co-exist with micro-mottle or faint color non-uniformity within the patch. The cue persists after Non-Invasive Reveal if it is a true coating-appearance change.

Field Identification Cues (Normative)

Surface-catch class (MSRT):

Expect SC-0 (none) when the anomaly is purely optical in the coating stack. Perform one light, non-marring pass only; prefer a polymer stylus on suspected coated faces or rely on visual cues to avoid coating disturbance. Do not abrade or “probe.” MSRT supports classification only, not acceptance.

Reveal / lighting / geometry:

Perform Non-Invasive Reveal (clean & dry; no blades/chemicals) before evaluation. Inspect at 12 / 36 / 72 in, normal incidence + oblique sweep (~60°–120°) under raking light, per VIS.

Location / access:

Confirm the observation is on the exposed coated face (not between panes). Record pane ID and surface numbering; note “functional coating present on worked surface? (Y/N/Unknown)” on Forms:

Classification Mapping (to VIS-DA) (Normative)

Typical CAT band (appearance-based):

CAT-1 if non-tactile sheen shift with SC-0 and no edge morphology.
CAT-2 if subtle micro-texture yields SC-1 (slight).
CAT-3 if pronounced, patchy modeled micro-texture visible at standard distance, still without chip flanks.
(Use VIS visibility convention and MSRT outcome; assign CAT by observable cues, not by cause.)
Acceptance split (critical): Even if classified CAT-1…CAT-3, coating anomalies on the worked surface are not permitted at acceptance under VIS §6.2 (“Coatings”); acceptance remains appearance-based at required distances/angles.

Indicative Relief / Depth (Informative)

For true coating rubs, the glass surface relief is typically nil at the MSRT scale (SC-0). Numeric depth in μm is not determinative for coating-appearance anomalies; VIS acceptance is appearance-only.

Differentiation & False Positives (Informative)

vs. Mechanical scratches (M.01): Scratches show chip flanks/micro-chipping and SC-2 along a line; coating rubs lack chip flanks and are area-based sheen shifts (often SC-0).
vs. Face films/residues (R-family): Residues change with Non-Invasive Reveal; a true rub persists after reveal.
vs. Between-pane haze/volatiles (A.01.01): IGU internal cues show fixed parallax and are CAT-5 by location; coating rubs are on the worked face.

Evidence Package (Documentation Requirements) (Normative)

Photo set (VIS): 12 / 36 / 72 in, normal + oblique, include raking; add a macro frame showing boundaryless sheen shift (no transition edge/chip flanks). Note reveal status and lighting/time.
MSRT result: Record SC class (expect SC-0); one pass, non-marring; on coated faces prefer polymer stylus or visual-only.
Forms: Pane ID; surface numbering; worked surface Y/N; functional coating present on worked surface? (Y/N/Unknown); geometry checklist; photos attached.

Mis-ID Pitfalls (Informative)

Attempting to “blend out” a coating rub by further contact can enlarge the anomaly and create a visible worked region/transition edge, which VIS disallows at acceptance (CAT-0…CAT-4). Keep classification appearance-only; do not introduce new coating changes.

Reporting Language (Template)

Co.01.01 Abrasion Sheen Shift / Rub Marks (sputtered low-E) — Localized coating sheen shift/streaks at #__ verified after Non-Invasive Reveal; MSRT = SC-0 (no tactile relief); no chip flanks. Classified CAT-1…CAT-3 by visibility and texture per VIS. Acceptance note: Coating anomalies on the worked surface are not permitted at VIS §6.2; document at 12/36/72 in (normal + oblique + raking), record surface numbering and coating presence, and retain images with macro detail.

DSS-Co.01.02

Color Non-Uniformity / Patchiness (sputtered low-E & multilayer films)

DSS-Co.01.02
Color Non-Uniformity / Patchiness (sputtered low-E & multilayer films)
(Coating anomaly on the worked surface — face-side condition; acceptance constrained by VIS §6 “Coatings”)

Definition (Reference)

A localized change in color cast, tone, or optical density within a sputtered low-E or other multilayer functional coating on an exposed face (#1 or #4, as applicable). Presents as patchy zones, clouds, or bands without chip-flank fracture morphology. Under VIS, such coating anomalies are “coating anomalies (visual)” and are treated as appearance cues on the worked surface—not between-pane/system features.

Typical Presentation (Informative)

Pane-local patches or clouds of slightly different hue/brightness; strongest under raking light and oblique sweep; may align with prior contact paths (pads/cloths).
No discrete chip flanks or cratered texture (unlike mechanical/thermal damage).
Persists after Non-Invasive Reveal (clean & dry); if removal occurs, the cue was a face film/residue, not a coating anomaly.

Field Identification Cues (Normative)

Surface-catch class (MSRT):

Expect SC-0 (none) if the cue is a pure coating-appearance change. Perform one light, non-marring pass only; prefer a polymer stylus on suspected coated faces—or rely on visual/location cues to avoid disturbing the coating. MSRT supports classification only, not acceptance.

Reveal / lighting / geometry:

Complete Non-Invasive Reveal (clean & dry; no blades/chemicals) before evaluation. Inspect at 12 / 36 / 72 in, normal incidence + oblique sweep (~60°–120°) with raking light, per VIS.

Location / access:

Confirm the observation is on the exposed coated face (not in an IGU cavity or laminate). Record pane ID and surface numbering on forms; note “functional coating present on worked surface? (Y/N/Unknown)”.

Classification Mapping (to VIS-DA) (Normative)

Typical CAT band (appearance-based):

CAT-1 — non-tactile color patchiness; SC-0; no edge morphology at acceptance geometry.
CAT-2 — subtle micro-texture within the patch yielding SC-1 (slight).
CAT-3 — pronounced, patchy modeled micro-texture detectable at standard distance, still without chip flanks.
(Assign CAT by observable cues using VIS visibility convention + MSRT outcome.)
Acceptance split (critical): Even if classified CAT-1…CAT-3, coating anomalies on the worked surface are not permitted at acceptance under VIS coatings guidance (see project-spec phrasing referencing VIS §6.2.e).

Indicative Relief / Depth (Informative)

For true coating patchiness, glass-face relief is typically nil at MSRT (SC-0). Numeric μm depth is not determinative for coating-appearance anomalies; VIS acceptance is appearance-only at the required distances/angles.

Differentiation & False Positives (Informative)

vs. Mechanical scratches (M.01): Scratches show chip flanks/micro-chipping and SC-2 along a line; coating color patchiness lacks flanks and is area-based.
vs. Face films/residues (R-family): Residues change with Non-Invasive Reveal; a true coating patch persists after reveal.
vs. IGU/internal haze (A.01.01) or cavity fines (A.01.03): Internal cues exhibit fixed parallax and are CAT-5 by location; coating anomalies are on the worked face.

Evidence Package (Documentation Requirements) (Normative)

Photo set (VIS): 12 / 36 / 72 in, normal + oblique, include raking; add a macro frame showing boundaryless patchiness (no chip flanks/transition edge). Note reveal status and lighting/time.
MSRT result: Record SC class (expect SC-0); one pass, non-marring; on coated faces prefer polymer stylus or visual-only.
Forms: Pane ID; surface numbering; worked surface Y/N; functional coating present on worked surface? (Y/N/Unknown); geometry checklist; photos attached.

Mis-ID Pitfalls (Informative)

Trying to “blend out” a color patch can enlarge the anomaly and create a worked region/transition edge, which VIS disallows at acceptance for CAT-0…CAT-4. Confirm reveal, SC class, and location before any action.

Reporting Language (Template)

Co.01.02 Color Non-Uniformity / Patchiness (sputtered stack) — Localized color/brightness variation at #__ verified after Non-Invasive Reveal; MSRT = SC-0; no chip flanks. Classified CAT-1…CAT-3 by visibility/texture per VIS. Acceptance note: Coating anomalies on the worked surface are not permitted (see project spec language referencing VIS §6.2.e). Document at 12/36/72 in (normal + oblique + raking), record surface numbering and coating presence, and attach photo set.

DSS-Co.01.03

Pinholes / Islands (localized coating loss; sputtered low-E & multilayer films)

DSS-Co.01.03
Pinholes / Islands (localized coating loss; sputtered low-E & multilayer films)
(Coating anomaly on the worked surface or within cavity; acceptance constrained by VIS §6 “Coatings”)

Definition (Reference)

Discrete clear points (“pinholes”) or small bare-glass islands within a sputtered low-E / multilayer functional coating. On exposed coated faces (#1 or #4, as applicable) these present as local loss of optical density (often brighter/clearer) without chip-flank fracture morphology. On cavity faces (#2/#3), they are between-pane and thus not addressable in-place; classification is then governed by location/condition. VIS treats coating appearance on worked surfaces as an appearance cue and references ASTM C1376 for coating-appearance context.

Typical Presentation (Informative)

Isolated clear dots or minute islands that read as lighter/clearer pixels against the coated field; sometimes occur in small clusters.
No change after Non-Invasive Reveal (clean & dry); persists through 12/36/72-in views and is strongest under raking light / oblique sweep.
May be margin-biased (near handling/wipe paths) but lack a worked ring/edge unless additional face-side alteration exists.

Field Identification Cues (Normative)

Surface-catch class (MSRT):

Expect SC-0 (none) for pure coating loss/absence; coating stacks are sub-μm and do not produce tactile relief at MSRT scale. Perform one light, non-marring pass only; on coated faces prefer a polymer stylus or rely on visual cues to avoid disturbing coatings. MSRT supports classification only, not acceptance.

Reveal / lighting / geometry:

Complete Non-Invasive Reveal before evaluation. Inspect at 12 / 36 / 72 in, normal incidence + oblique sweep (~60°–120°) with raking light, per VIS.

Location / access:

Confirm surface numbering and whether the low-E is on #1/#4 (exposed) or #2/#3 (cavity). Cavity-face cues are between panes; use fixed parallax to verify internal location. Record “functional coating present on worked surface? (Y/N/Unknown)” on Forms:

Classification Mapping (to VIS-DA) (Normative)

If on exposed coated face (#1/#4)
- CAT-1 — non-tactile, isolated pinholes with SC-0, not perceptible at standard/wide-field when clean.
- CAT-2 — faint modeled micro-texture around a pinhole yielding SC-1.
- CAT-3 — noticeable modeled micro-texture/halo visible at standard view, still without chip flanks.
  (Assign CAT by visibility convention + MSRT outcome; use appearance cues only.)
If on cavity face (#2/#3) or otherwise inaccessible: CAT-5 — out of in-place scope by location; document and refer per project protocol (fabricator/manufacturer/warranty).
Acceptance split (critical): Even where classified CAT-1…CAT-3, coating anomalies on the worked surface are not permitted at acceptance under VIS §6.2.e (appearance-only criteria).

Indicative Relief / Depth (Informative)

MSRT relief: SC-0 expected (sub-μm coating thickness; tactile relief not detected). Numeric μm depth is not determinative for coating-appearance anomalies; acceptance remains appearance-based at required distances/angles.

Differentiation & False Positives (Informative)

vs. Face films/overspray (R-family): Films change with Non-Invasive Reveal; true pinholes persist.
vs. Mechanical scratches (M.01): Scratches show chip flanks/micro-chipping and SC-2 along a line; pinholes are discrete points, SC-0.
vs. IGU internal haze/volatiles (A.01.01) or cavity fines (A.01.03): Internal cues show fixed parallax and are CAT-5 by location.
vs. Spandrel system mottle (Co.04.01): Spandrel mottle is pane-scale without a local perimeter; pinholes/adhesion-loss islands are localized defects.

Evidence Package (Documentation Requirements) (Normative)

Photo set (VIS): 12 / 36 / 72 in, normal + oblique, include raking; add macro frames showing discrete point(s) without chip flanks or a worked ring. Note reveal status and lighting/time.
MSRT result: Record SC class (expect SC-0); one pass, non-marring; on coated faces prefer polymer stylus or visual-only.
Forms: Pane ID; surface numbering; worked surface Y/N; functional coating present on worked surface? (Y/N/Unknown); geometry checklist; photos attached.

Mis-ID Pitfalls (Informative)

Attempting to “blend out” pinholes by further contact can enlarge the anomaly and create a worked region/transition edge, which VIS disallows at acceptance (CAT-0…CAT-4). Confirm location, reveal status, and SC class before any action.

Reporting Language (Template)

Co.01.03 Pinholes / Islands (localized coating loss, sputtered stack) — Discrete clear point(s)/islands at #__ verified after Non-Invasive Reveal; MSRT = SC-0; no chip flanks. If on #1/#4, classify CAT-1…CAT-3 by visibility/texture; acceptance note: coating anomalies on worked surfaces not permitted (VIS §6.2.e). If on #2/#3, CAT-5 by location (between panes); document and refer. Photo set captured at 12/36/72 in (normal + oblique + raking); surface numbering and coating presence recorded.

DSS-Co.01.04

Chemical Attack Spots (cleaner/acid/alkali on sputtered stacks)

DSS-Co.01.04
Chemical Attack Spots (cleaner/acid/alkali on sputtered stacks)
(Coating anomaly on the worked surface or on a cavity face; acceptance constrained by VIS §6 “Coatings”)

Definition (Reference)

Localized appearance changes (spots, rings, blooms) on a sputtered low-E / multilayer functional coating caused by chemical interaction (e.g., acidic brick wash, alkaline cleaners, aggressive solvents). On exposed coated faces (#1 or #4, as applicable), these present as sheen/colour/density shifts or matte “burns” without chip-flank fracture morphology. On cavity faces (#2/#3), similar signatures are between panes and therefore not addressable in place; classification is driven by location/condition. Under VIS, coating appearance on worked surfaces is treated as an appearance cue; acceptance for coated faces is handled explicitly in the coatings note of §6 (coating anomalies on the worked surface are not permitted at acceptance).

Typical Presentation (Informative)

Discrete spots or halos with altered sheen/colour; strongest in raking light/oblique sweep; may exhibit a faint ring at the perimeter.
Patchy mottle from cleaner pooling, drips, or wipe paths; often correlates with application patterning.
Persists after Non-Invasive Reveal (clean & dry); if removal occurs, the cue was a face film/residue (R-family), not a coating change.

Field Identification Cues (Normative)

Surface-catch class (MSRT):

Expect SC-0 (none) for purely optical coating changes; SC-1 (slight) is possible if subtle micro-texture is present within the spot. Perform one light, non-marring pass only; on coated faces prefer a polymer stylus or rely on visual cues to avoid coating disturbance. MSRT supports classification only, not acceptance.

Reveal / lighting / geometry:

Complete Non-Invasive Reveal (clean & dry; no blades/chemicals) before evaluation. Inspect at 12 / 36 / 72 in, normal incidence + oblique sweep (~60°–120°) with raking light, per VIS.

Location / access:

Confirm the observation is on the exposed coated face (not in an IGU cavity). Record pane ID and surface numbering (#1–#4; mark laminate-internal if applicable) on forms; note “functional coating present on worked surface? (Y/N/Unknown)”. Use fixed parallax to identify between-pane look-alikes (CAT-5).

Classification Mapping (to VIS-DA) (Normative)

If on exposed coated face (#1/#4):

CAT-1 — non-tactile spot/halo with SC-0; no edge morphology at acceptance geometry.
CAT-2 — faint micro-texture within the spot yielding SC-1 (slight).
CAT-3 — pronounced modeled micro-texture/patch detectable at standard distance, still without chip flanks.
(Assign CAT by visibility convention + MSRT outcome; cause is informative only.)

If on cavity face (#2/#3) or otherwise inaccessible:

CAT-5 — out of in-place scope by location; document and refer per project protocol (fabricator/manufacturer/warranty).
Acceptance split (critical): Even if classified CAT-1…CAT-3, coating anomalies on the worked surface are not permitted at acceptance under the VIS coatings note (§6); treat acceptance as appearance-only at required distances/angles and do not introduce new coating changes.

Indicative Relief / Depth (Informative)

For true chemical attack spots on coatings, glass-face relief is typically nil at MSRT (SC-0; occasionally SC-1 if micro-texture is present). Numeric μm depth is not determinative for coating-appearance anomalies; acceptance remains appearance-based.

Differentiation & False Positives (Informative)

vs. Face films/residues (R-family): Residues change with Non-Invasive Reveal; a true coating attack persists after reveal.
vs. Mechanical scratches (M.01): Scratches show chip flanks/micro-chipping and SC-2 along a line; chemical spots are area-based, boundaryless or haloed, and generally SC-0/SC-1.
vs. IGU internal haze/volatiles (A.01.01): Internal cues show fixed parallax and map to CAT-5 by location.
vs. Spandrel/back-paint mottle (Co.04.01): Spandrel mottle is pane-scale system appearance; chemical spots on sputtered stacks are localized coating changes on the worked face.

Evidence Package (Documentation Requirements) (Normative)

Photo set (VIS): 12 / 36 / 72 in, normal + oblique, include raking; add macro frames showing spot/halo without chip flanks or a worked transition edge. Note reveal status and lighting/time.
MSRT result: Record SC class (expect SC-0; SC-1 if micro-texture). One pass, non-marring; on coated faces prefer polymer stylus or visual-only.
Forms: Pane ID; surface numbering; worked surface Y/N; functional coating present on worked surface? (Y/N/Unknown); geometry checklist; photos attached.

Mis-ID Pitfalls (Informative)

Attempting to “blend out” a coating spot can enlarge the anomaly and create a worked region/transition edge, which VIS disallows at acceptance (CAT-0…CAT-4). Confirm reveal, SC class, and location before any action.

Reporting Language (Template)

Co.01.04 Chemical Attack Spots (sputtered stack) — Localized spot/halo at #__ verified after Non-Invasive Reveal; MSRT = SC-0/SC-1 (no chip flanks). If on #1/#4, classify CAT-1…CAT-3 by visibility/texture; acceptance note: coating anomalies on the worked surface are not permitted (VIS coatings note). If on #2/#3, CAT-5 by location (between panes); document and refer. Photo set at 12/36/72 in (normal + oblique + raking); surface numbering and coating presence recorded.

Co.02

Pyrolytic (Hard‑Coat) Low‑E

DSS-Co.02.01

Roller Pickup / Line Ghosting (Pyrolytic Line)

DSS-Co.02.01
Roller Pickup / Line Ghosting (Pyrolytic Line)
(Pyrolytic [hard-coat] low-E anomaly — transport/handling imprint during high-temperature deposition or subsequent hot processing; quasi-parallel sheen-shift bands at roller pitch; generally planar, film-level optical variation; typically SC-0, occasionally SC-1 at lightly textured pickup)

Classification & Scope (Normative)

Roller pickup/line ghosting (pyrolytic line) is an appearance change confined to pyrolytic (hard-coat) low-E or comparable high-temperature functional coatings. It presents as quasi-parallel, longitudinal bands (machine/transport direction) at spacings consistent with support/transport rollers, with subtle sheen or color shift (ghosting). The phenomenon is planar within the coating and usually non-tactile. Classification is appearance-only per VIS (method-agnostic). Inspect after Non-Invasive Reveal under VIS lighting/geometry; record surface numbering and worked-surface status.

Face identification is critical. Pyrolytic hard-coats are commonly placed at #2 in IGUs (or #1/#4 where design requires). Confirm coated face before classification.

Typical Presentation (Informative)

Multiple, parallel, low-contrast bands running consistently in one direction (line direction); band width and pitch repeat pane-to-pane within a lot.
Bands read as sheen shift / slight color cast in reflection; contrast rises under oblique sweep and raking.
May co-present with very faint roller “kiss” arcs at edges or entry/exit zones.

Field Identification Cues (Normative)

Surface-catch class (MSRT)

SC-0 (planar optical variation within coating; no surface relief).
SC-1 rare, where lightly textured pickup or fine particulate imprint provides very shallow relief.
Perform one light, non-marring pass on a small revealed test patch. Use a polymer stylus only on suspected coated faces. MSRT supports classification only; do not abrade the coating.

Visual signature

Quasi-parallel stripe set; fixed pitch and consistent direction across the pane; no chip-flank sparkle, no discrete pits.
Planar behavior: bands persist uniformly when moving viewpoint along the band; no localized “worked region” edge.
Often lot-repetitive: adjacent lites from same supply may show identical spacing/orientation.

Viewing / lighting

Evaluate clean & dry at 12 / 36 / 72 in, normal and oblique sweep (~60°–120°); raking amplifies sheen shift; use broad specular reflection to read band pitch. Record distances/angles in-frame.

Location / access

Record pane ID and surface numbering (#1–#4; laminate-internal). If the anomaly is on #2/#3 within an IGU, it is inaccessible in place → CAT-5 by location for in-place restoration scope (classification remains Co.02.01).

Mechanism cue (context)

Pyrolytic deposition or hot handling history; consistent line direction with roller transport; lot repetition; absence of field activities that cause scoring or chemical halos.

Severity & CAT Mapping (Normative)

Assign CAT by visibility at acceptance geometry and MSRT. Depth values are indicative—field measurement not required.

CAT-1 (Benign / non-relief): Faint banding legible mainly at oblique/raking; SC-0; minimal impact at standard view. Indicative relief: 0–10 μm (film-level optical only).
CAT-2 (Light): Discernible bands at standard distance in certain lighting; SC-0 (or rare SC-1 if lightly textured pickup). Indicative relief: ~10–40 μm (apparent optical).
CAT-3 (Moderate): Pane-noticeable band set at standard distance across significant area; SC-0/SC-1; clearly affects uniform appearance. Indicative relief: ~40–120 μm (apparent optical).
Reclassify when: If chip-flank sparkle or tactile grooves appear → M.01 Linear scoring; if uniform granular frost in masked regions → V.01.01 abrasive blast; if runs/cream swirls exist → V.02 chemical etch; if peppered fused nodules present → Th.01.02 hot particle.
CAT-5 (by condition/location): Anomaly on #2/#3 (between panes) or coating-side to be worked where compliant presentation cannot be achieved → CAT-5.

CAT is appearance-based; acceptance is separate under VIS-A at 12/36/72 in. Do not abrade coated faces to “force” a response.

Differentiation & Mis-ID Pitfalls (Informative)

vs. M.01/M.02 mechanical: Mechanical defects show directional grooves/swirl with SC-1/SC-2 and chip-flank sparkle; Co.02.01 is planar sheen shift, typically SC-0.
vs. Co.01 sputtered low-E patchiness: Sputtered films often show color non-uniformity without roller-pitch periodicity; pyrolytic roller ghosting shows regular spacing aligned to transport direction.
vs. Ch.03 mineral staining/etch: Mineral systems show ringed halos/runs and can be SC-1/SC-2; roller ghosting lacks wetting geometry and remains lot-repetitive.
vs. E.01 atmospheric film: Atmospheric films are random or flow-mapped and lift on reveal; roller ghosting persists and is coating-intrinsic.

Evidence Package *(Documentation Requirements) (Normative)

Photo set (VIS): 12 / 36 / 72 in, normal + oblique; raking macros across band transitions; overview frames capturing parallelism and pitch. Record distance/angle in-frame.
Face ID + MSRT. Confirm coated surface via project documentation or controlled reflection tests; MSRT (polymer stylus only) on a small reveal patch: record SC-class (SC-0 typical).
Lot/replication check. Where possible, document adjacent lites for repeated spacing/orientation (supports coating-intrinsic attribution).
Forms: Pane ID; product family & surface numbering; worked surface Y/N; functional coating present on worked surface? (Y/N/Unknown); reveal status; lighting/time; geometry checklist; photos attached.
Acceptance split: Post-restoration acceptance per VIS-A §6; classification ≠ acceptance. Coated-face appearance rules apply per VIS §6.2.e when the worked surface is the functional coating.

Reporting Language (Template)

Co.02.01 Roller Pickup / Line Ghosting (Pyrolytic) — Quasi-parallel sheen-shift bands at consistent roller pitch on surface #___ (pyrolytic hard-coat confirmed); MSRT (polymer): SC-0 [SC-1 localized if applicable]; visible at [12/36/72 in] under VIS geometry. Morphology: planar coating variation, no chip-flank sparkle, no pits/runs. Classification: CAT-[1/2/3] by visibility; reclassify per notes if mechanical/chemical indicators present; CAT-5 if between-pane or coating-side constraints preclude in-place work. Forms + photo set attached; acceptance per VIS-A §6.

DSS-Co.02.02

Surface Rub / Scuff (Pyrolytic Hard-Coat Appearance Change)

DSS-Co.02.02
Surface Rub / Scuff (Pyrolytic Hard-Coat Appearance Change)
(Pyrolytic [hard-coat] low-E anomaly — contact/rub during handling/cleaning producing localized sheen shift or faint mottle on the coated face; generally planar optical change in the coating; typically SC-0, occasionally SC-1 where micro-imprint exists; confirm coated face before attribution)

Classification & Scope (Normative)

Surface rub / scuff (pyrolytic) is an appearance change confined to pyrolytic (hard-coat) functional coatings where contact, wiping, or pad/roller kiss produces localized sheen shift or faint mottle without discrete linear chip flanks or pits. The effect is planar within the coating and is usually non-tactile. Classification is appearance-only per VIS (method-agnostic). Inspect after Non-Invasive Reveal under VIS lighting/geometry; record surface numbering and worked-surface status.

Face identification is critical. Pyrolytic hard-coats are commonly at #2 in IGUs (or #1/#4 by design). Confirm coated face prior to classification.

Typical Presentation (Informative)

Subtle, patchy sheen shift or low-contrast rub panel; boundaries are soft/feathered, sometimes following wipe arcs or contact zones (e.g., handling pads).
No strong directionality; reads best in oblique/sweep and broad specular reflection.
May co-present with very faint parallel “kiss” traces in transport areas but without periodic roller pitch (cf. Co.02.01).

Field Identification Cues (Normative)

Surface-catch class (MSRT)

SC-0 typical (planar optical change).
SC-1 localized only if a very light micro-imprint/texture is present (e.g., pad weave ghost).
Perform one light, non-marring pass on a small revealed test patch; polymer stylus only on suspected coated faces. MSRT supports classification only; do not abrade the coating.

Visual signature

Sheen or color cast change within a soft-edged patch; no chip-flank sparkle, no discrete grooves, no pits/fused nodules.
Typically lot-isolated (handling/maintenance event) rather than lot-wide repetition.

Viewing / lighting

Evaluate clean & dry at 12 / 36 / 72 in, normal and oblique sweep (~60°–120°); use broad raking to make sheen shifts apparent. Record distances/angles in-frame.

Location / access

Record pane ID and surface numbering (#1–#4; laminate-internal). If on #2/#3 (IGU interior), it is inaccessible in place → CAT-5 by location (classification remains Co.02.02).

Mechanism cue (context)

Handling/cleaning contact on coated face; improper wipes, abrasive cloths, or pad contact; absence of field activities that produce scoring (M.01) or chemical swirls (V.02/Ch.01).

Severity & CAT Mapping (Normative)

Assign CAT by visibility at acceptance geometry and MSRT.

CAT-1 (Benign / non-relief): Faint rub panel visible mainly at oblique/raking; SC-0. Indicative relief: 0–10 μm (optical only).
CAT-2 (Light): Discernible sheen shift at standard distance in certain lighting; SC-0 (or SC-1 localized if micro-imprint present). Indicative relief: ~10–40 μm (apparent optical).
CAT-3 (Moderate): Pane-noticeable patch/panel at standard distance affecting uniformity; SC-0/SC-1. Indicative relief: ~40–120 μm (apparent optical).
Reclassify when: Parallel periodic bands at fixed pitch → Co.02.01 roller ghosting; linear chip-flank grooves → M.01 scoring; modeled chemical micro-texture with runs/meniscus → V.02/Ch.01; peppered fused nodules → Th.01.02.
CAT-5 (by condition/location): Between-pane/inaccessible or coating-side constraints preclude compliant presentation → CAT-5.

CAT is appearance-based; acceptance is separate under VIS-A at 12/36/72 in. Do not abrade coated faces to “force” a response.

Differentiation & Mis-ID Pitfalls (Informative)

vs. Co.02.01 roller ghosting: Roller ghosting shows parallel bands with regular pitch; rub/scuff is localized with soft boundaries and no fixed pitch.
vs. M.02 abrasion swirls: Abrasion swirls show directional/swirl patterning and often SC-1 across paths; Co.02.02 lacks coherent swirl geometry and remains largely SC-0.
vs. Ch.03 mineral film/etch: Mineral systems show ring/run geometry and can be SC-1/SC-2; Co.02.02 is planar and non-ringed.
vs. Sputtered low-E patchiness (Co.01.02): Sputtered non-uniformity may be lot-wide color variations without wipe history; Co.02.02 associates with contact/wipe context on a hard-coat face.

Evidence Package *(Documentation Requirements) (Normative)

Photo set (VIS): 12 / 36 / 72 in, normal + oblique; raking macros across rub panel boundary; overview frames to show localization. Record distance/angle in-frame.
Face ID + MSRT. Confirm coated surface; MSRT (polymer stylus only) on revealed patch: record SC-class (SC-0 typical; SC-1 localized if present).
Context notes. Handling/maintenance history; cleaning media used; adjacency to contact points (pads, rails, suction cups).
Forms: Pane ID; product family & surface numbering; worked surface Y/N; functional coating present on worked surface? (Y/N/Unknown); reveal status; lighting/time; geometry checklist; photos attached.
Acceptance split: Post-restoration acceptance per VIS-A §6; classification ≠ acceptance. Coated-face appearance rules apply per VIS §6.2.e when the worked surface is the functional coating.

Reporting Language (Template)

Co.02.02 Surface Rub / Scuff (Pyrolytic) — Localized sheen-shift/mottle on surface #___ (pyrolytic hard-coat confirmed); MSRT (polymer): SC-0 [SC-1 localized if micro-imprint]; visible at [12/36/72 in] under VIS geometry. Morphology: planar coating appearance change, soft boundaries, no chip-flank grooves, no pits. Classification: CAT-[1/2/3] by visibility; reclassify per notes if roller-pitch, mechanical scoring, or chemical indicators are present; CAT-5 if between-pane or coating-side constraints preclude in-place work. Forms + photo set attached; acceptance per VIS-A §6.

DSS-Co.02.03

Local Coating Discontinuity (Pyrolytic Hard-Coat)

DSS-Co.02.03
Local Coating Discontinuity (Pyrolytic Hard-Coat)
(Pyrolytic [hard-coat] low-E anomaly — localized thin/void spot, streak, or island within the deposited film; planar optical discontinuity often with sharp or feathered boundary; typically SC-0, occasionally SC-1 at minute imprint; confirm coated face before attribution)

Classification & Scope (Normative)

Local coating discontinuity (pyrolytic) is an appearance change confined to pyrolytic (hard-coat) functional coatings where the deposited film exhibits a localized reduction in thickness, skip/void, or density change. It presents as a spot, small island, short streak, or patch with distinct sheen/color shift relative to surrounding coated areas. The phenomenon is planar within the coating and is generally non-tactile. Classification is appearance-only per VIS (method-agnostic). Inspect after Non-Invasive Reveal under VIS lighting/geometry; record surface numbering and worked-surface status.

Face identification is critical. Pyrolytic hard-coats commonly reside at #2 in IGUs (or #1/#4 by design). Confirm coated face before classification.

Typical Presentation (Informative)

Discrete spot/island (few mm to ~50 mm), short streak, or small patch with contrast shift (brighter/duller, warmer/cooler) vs. adjacent coating.
Boundary can be sharp (abrupt film change) or soft/feathered (density gradient).
May repeat at similar position across multiple lites in a lot (process-linked), or appear isolated (contact/handling during hot pass).

Field Identification Cues (Normative)

Surface-catch class (MSRT)

SC-0 typical (planar optical change within coating).
SC-1 localized only if a minute micro-imprint exists (e.g., particulate contact imprint).
Perform one light, non-marring pass on a small revealed test patch; polymer stylus only on suspected coated faces. MSRT supports classification only; do not abrade the coating.

Visual signature

Planar, non-grooved patch; no chip-flank sparkle, no pits/fused nodules.
Color/shear change becomes more apparent in oblique sweep; under broad specular, the discontinuity outlines as the reflection “flashes.”
If intra-lot repetition exists at consistent coordinates, favors intrinsic deposition/transport origin.

Viewing / lighting

Evaluate clean & dry at 12 / 36 / 72 in, normal and oblique sweep (~60°–120°); raking to read boundary; broad specular to gauge color/shear change. Record distances/angles in-frame.

Location / access

Record pane ID and surface numbering (#1–#4; laminate-internal). If on #2/#3 (IGU interior), it is inaccessible in place → CAT-5 by location (classification remains Co.02.03).

Mechanism cue (context)

Hot deposition skip/variation, transient contamination on support, or contact imprint during hot transport; absence of field indicators (no runs/cream swirls, no scoring).

Severity & CAT Mapping (Normative)

Assign CAT by visibility at acceptance geometry and MSRT.

CAT-1 (Benign / non-relief): Small faint spot/streak legible mainly at oblique/raking; SC-0. Indicative relief: 0–10 μm (optical only).
CAT-2 (Light): Discernible discontinuity at standard distance in certain lighting; SC-0 (or SC-1 localized if micro-imprint). Indicative relief: ~10–40 μm (apparent optical).
CAT-3 (Moderate): Pane-noticeable patch at standard distance affecting uniformity over >0.5% of view area; SC-0/SC-1. Indicative relief: ~40–120 μm (apparent optical).
Reclassify when: Parallel periodic bands → Co.02.01 Roller pickup; localized sheen shift tied to wipe arcs → Co.02.02 Rub/Scuff; linear grooves with chip flanks → M.01 Scoring; ring/run/halo chemistry → Ch.01/Ch.03; fused metallic peppering → Th.01.02.
CAT-5 (by condition/location): Between-pane/inaccessible or coating-side constraints preclude compliant presentation → CAT-5.

CAT is appearance-based; acceptance is separate under VIS-A at 12/36/72 in. Do not abrade coated faces to “force” a response.

Differentiation & Mis-ID Pitfalls (Informative)

vs. Sputtered low-E pinholes/islands (Co.01.03): Sputtered defects often show fine pinholes or color islands without hot-transport context and may be lot-wide but non-periodic; pyrolytic discontinuity often links to hot handling or specific line position.
vs. Mineral/chemical spots (Ch family): Chemical spots show ring/rim, runs, or micro-texture (SC-1/2); Co.02.03 is planar, SC-0, without wetting geometry.
vs. Mechanical pad trails (M.02): Abrasion trails show directional texture and SC-1 over a path; Co.02.03 is localized and non-directional at micro-scale.
vs. Spandrel/back-paint anomalies (Co.04): Spandrel issues present on back-painted surfaces with opacity differences; Co.02.03 is on a functional hard-coat.

Evidence Package *(Documentation Requirements) (Normative)

Photo set (VIS): 12 / 36 / 72 in, normal + oblique; raking macros showing boundary; overview frames documenting size and position. Record distance/angle in-frame.
Face ID + MSRT. Confirm coated surface; MSRT (polymer stylus only) on revealed patch records SC-class (SC-0 typical; SC-1 localized if present).
Lot/replication check. Inspect adjacent lites for coordinate/shape repetition to support intrinsic origin.
Forms: Pane ID; product family & surface numbering; worked surface Y/N; functional coating present on worked surface? (Y/N/Unknown); reveal status; lighting/time; geometry checklist; photos attached.
Acceptance split: Post-restoration acceptance per VIS-A §6; classification ≠ acceptance. Coated-face appearance rules apply per VIS §6.2.e when the worked surface is the functional coating.

Reporting Language (Template)

Co.02.03 Local Coating Discontinuity (Pyrolytic) — Discrete spot/streak with planar sheen/color shift on surface #___ (pyrolytic hard-coat confirmed); MSRT (polymer): SC-0 [SC-1 localized if micro-imprint]; visible at [12/36/72 in] under VIS geometry. Morphology: localized coating density/continuity change, no chip-flank grooves, no pits/runs. Classification: CAT-[1/2/3] by visibility; reclassify per notes if roller-pitch, rub/scuff, mechanical scoring, chemical, or spandrel indicators dominate; CAT-5 if between-pane or coating-side constraints preclude in-place work. Forms + photo set attached; acceptance per VIS-A §6.

Co.03

AR/IR/Other Functional Coats

DSS-Co.03.01

AR Bloom / Scuff (Anti-Reflective & Other Optical Films)

DSS-Co.03.01
AR Bloom / Scuff (Anti-Reflective & Other Optical Films)
(Thin-film optical stack anomaly — localized sheen/color shift or “bloom” on anti-reflective (AR) / IR-control / glare-reduction films; typically planar, non-tactile; SC-0, occasionally SC-1 where micro-imprint exists; confirm coated face before attribution)

Classification & Scope (Normative)

AR bloom/scuff is an appearance change confined to thin-film optical coatings (anti-reflective, IR, glare-reduction). It manifests as localized increases in reflectivity (“bloom”), haze, or color cast shift relative to adjacent areas. Effects are planar within the coating and usually non-tactile. Classification is appearance-only per VIS (method-agnostic). Inspect after Non-Invasive Reveal under VIS lighting/geometry; record surface numbering and worked-surface status.

Face identification is critical. Many AR/optical films are specified on #2 (or #1/#4 depending on design). Confirm the coated face prior to classification.

Typical Presentation (Informative)

Localized “bloom” where reflections appear stronger/brighter than surrounding AR areas; sometimes a cool/warm color drift.
Soft-edged scuff panels or contact-shaped patches; may correlate with wipe arcs, suction cup contact, or handling pads.
Under oblique sweep the patch flashes earlier/later than adjacent AR field.

Field Identification Cues (Normative)

Surface-catch class (MSRT)

SC-0 typical (planar optical change).
SC-1 localized only if a minute texture imprint exists (pad weave/foreign dust imprint).
Perform one light, non-marring pass on a small revealed test patch; polymer stylus only on suspected coated faces. MSRT supports classification only; do not abrade the coating.

Visual signature

Planar sheen increase (AR locally less effective) or haze/mottle; no chip-flank sparkle, no discrete grooves, no pits/fused nodules.
Not periodic (vs. roller pitch); typically isolated to contact/wipe areas.

Viewing / lighting

Evaluate clean & dry at 12 / 36 / 72 in, normal and oblique sweep (~60°–120°); use broad specular to compare reflectivity inside vs. outside patch. Record distances/angles in-frame.

Location / access

Record pane ID and surface numbering (#1–#4; laminate-internal). If on #2/#3 (IGU interior), it is inaccessible in place → CAT-5 by location (classification remains Co.03.01).

Mechanism cue (context)

Contact/wipe on AR face, improper cleaners, deposited films that altered interference response, or minor densification changes from contact/pressure during handling.

Severity & CAT Mapping (Normative)

Assign CAT by visibility at acceptance geometry and MSRT.

CAT-1 (Benign / non-relief): Faint bloom/scuff visible mainly at oblique/raking; SC-0. Indicative relief: 0–10 μm (optical only).
CAT-2 (Light): Discernible reflectivity/color shift at standard distance in certain lighting; SC-0 (or SC-1 localized if micro-imprint). Indicative relief: ~10–40 μm (apparent optical).
CAT-3 (Moderate): Pane-noticeable patch/panel at standard distance affecting uniform appearance; SC-0/SC-1. Indicative relief: ~40–120 μm (apparent optical).
Reclassify when: Parallel periodic bands → Co.02.01 Roller pickup; wipe-arc linked on pyrolytic → Co.02.02 Rub/Scuff (pyrolytic); linear grooves with chip flanks → M.01 Scoring; rings/runs → Ch.01/Ch.03 chemistry; fused peppering → Th.01.02 hot particle.
CAT-5 (by condition/location): Between-pane/inaccessible or coating-side constraints preclude compliant presentation → CAT-5.

CAT is appearance-based; acceptance is separate under VIS-A at 12/36/72 in. Do not abrade coated faces to “force” a response.

Differentiation & Mis-ID Pitfalls (Informative)

vs. Pyrolytic rub/scuff (Co.02.02): Pyrolytic hard-coats are hot-applied and may present different hue/reflectivity behavior; AR stacks show interference-sensitive bloom that changes more strongly with angle.
vs. Sputtered low-E patchiness (Co.01.02): Low-E color non-uniformity may be lot-scale and non-contact-specific; AR bloom/scuff is localized with contact/wipe context.
vs. Mineral/chemical films (Ch family): Chemical films exhibit rings/runs and can yield SC-1/2; AR bloom is planar, ringless, usually SC-0 after reveal.
vs. Abrasion fields (M.02): Abrasion shows directional texture and consistent SC-1; AR bloom lacks coherent texturing and remains optical.

Evidence Package *(Documentation Requirements) (Normative)

Photo set (VIS): 12 / 36 / 72 in, normal + oblique; raking macros across patch boundary; broad specular comparison frames (inside vs. outside patch). Record distance/angle in-frame.
Face ID + MSRT. Confirm AR/optical coated face; MSRT (polymer stylus only) on a revealed patch to record SC-class (SC-0 typical; SC-1 localized if present).
Context notes. Handling/maintenance history, cleaners/media used, adjacent contact points (pads/cups/rails).
Forms: Pane ID; product family & surface numbering; worked surface Y/N; functional coating present on worked surface? (Y/N/Unknown); reveal status; lighting/time; geometry checklist; photos attached.
Acceptance split: Post-restoration acceptance per VIS-A §6; classification ≠ acceptance. Coated-face appearance rules apply per VIS §6.2.e when the worked surface is the optical coating.

Reporting Language (Template)

Co.03.01 AR Bloom / Scuff — Localized increase in reflectivity / color-cast shift on surface #___ (AR/optical coated face confirmed); MSRT (polymer): SC-0 [SC-1 localized if micro-imprint]; visible at [12/36/72 in] under VIS geometry. Morphology: planar thin-film optical variation, soft boundaries, no chip-flank grooves, no pits. Classification: CAT-[1/2/3] by visibility; reclassify per notes if roller-pitch, mechanical scoring, or chemical indicators are present; CAT-5 if between-pane or coating-side constraints preclude in-place work. Forms + photo set attached; acceptance per VIS-A §6.

DSS-Co.03.02

Hard-Coat Micro-Mottle (Other Functional Films)

DSS-Co.03.02
Hard-Coat Micro-Mottle (Other Functional Films)
(Thin/“hard” functional films other than low-E—e.g., AR hybrids, IR-control, solar-control, anti-glare—showing fine planar mottle/texture in the coating; non-directional, patchy reflectance or color micro-variation; typically SC-0, rarely SC-1 where minute imprint exists; confirm coated face before attribution)

Classification & Scope (Normative)

Hard-coat micro-mottle is an appearance change confined to functional hard films (non-pyrolytic low-E alternatives, AR/IR hybrids, solar/anti-glare coatings) presenting as fine, non-directional mottle—a subtle patchwork of reflectance or color within the coated area. The effect is planar within the coating and usually non-tactile. Classification is appearance-only per VIS (method-agnostic). Inspect after Non-Invasive Reveal under VIS lighting/geometry; record surface numbering and worked-surface status.

Face identification is critical. Many functional films are specified on #2 (or #1/#4 by design). Confirm the coated face prior to classification.

Typical Presentation (Informative)

Fine, cloud-like micro-mottle or orange-peel-like optical texture that becomes apparent in oblique sweep or broad specular reflection.
No coherent directionality (not a rub trail or swirl); no periodic pitch (not roller ghosting).
Can present lot-wide subtlety (global cast) with localized zones of higher contrast.

Field Identification Cues (Normative)

Surface-catch class (MSRT)

SC-0 typical (planar optical variation).
SC-1 localized only if a minute contact imprint (pad weave/foreign dust) coincides with mottled zone.
Perform one light, non-marring pass on a small revealed test patch; polymer stylus only on suspected coated faces. MSRT supports classification only; do not abrade the coating.

Visual signature

Non-directional, fine-scale mottle in reflectance or color; boundaries often soft/feathered.
No chip-flank sparkle, no discrete grooves, no pits/fused nodules.
Angle-dependent “flash”—mottle appears/disappears as the observer sweeps.

Viewing / lighting

Evaluate clean & dry at 12 / 36 / 72 in, normal and oblique sweep (~60°–120°); use broad specular to compare inside vs. outside the mottled zone. Record distances/angles in-frame.

Location / access

Record pane ID and surface numbering (#1–#4; laminate-internal). If on #2/#3 (IGU interior), it is inaccessible in place → CAT-5 by location (classification remains Co.03.02).

Mechanism cue (context)

Coating process micro-nonuniformity, post-coat handling/stacking pressure optics, or localized over-cleaning with incompatible media altering the thin-film interference response.

Severity & CAT Mapping (Normative)

Assign CAT by visibility at acceptance geometry and MSRT.

CAT-1 (Benign / non-relief): Very faint mottle legible mainly at oblique/raking; SC-0. Indicative relief: 0–10 μm (optical only).
CAT-2 (Light): Discernible micro-mottle at standard distance in certain lighting; SC-0 (or SC-1 localized if micro-imprint). Indicative relief: ~10–40 μm (apparent optical).
CAT-3 (Moderate): Pane-noticeable mottled panel at standard distance, affecting uniformity; SC-0/SC-1. Indicative relief: ~40–120 μm (apparent optical).
Reclassify when: Parallel periodic bands → Co.02.01 Roller pickup; wipe-arc-linked → Co.02.02 Rub/Scuff (pyrolytic) or Co.03.01 AR bloom; linear grooves with chip flanks → M.01 Scoring; rings/runs → Ch.01/Ch.03 chemistry; peppered fusing → Th.01.02 Hot particle.
CAT-5 (by condition/location): Between-pane/inaccessible or coating-side constraints preclude compliant presentation → CAT-5.

CAT is appearance-based; acceptance is separate under VIS-A at 12/36/72 in. Do not abrade coated faces to “force” a response.

Differentiation & Mis-ID Pitfalls (Informative)

vs. AR bloom/scuff (Co.03.01): AR bloom often shows distinct reflectivity increase with contact context; Co.03.02 is a fine, non-directional mottle that may be process-intrinsic.
vs. Pyrolytic rub/scuff (Co.02.02): Pyrolytic rubs are localized wipe/contact panels; Co.03.02 lacks wipe geometry and can appear lot-distributed.
vs. Mineral/chemical films (Ch family): Chemistry shows rings/runs and may yield SC-1/2; Co.03.02 is planar, ringless, typically SC-0.
vs. Abrasion fields (M.02): Abrasion presents directional texture with consistent SC-1 along paths; Co.03.02 lacks coherent directionality.

Evidence Package *(Documentation Requirements) (Normative)

Photo set (VIS): 12 / 36 / 72 in, normal + oblique; raking macros across mottle boundary; broad specular comparison (inside vs. outside zone). Record distance/angle in-frame.
Face ID + MSRT. Confirm functional coated face; MSRT (polymer stylus only) on a revealed patch to record SC-class (SC-0 typical; SC-1 localized if present).
Context notes. Lot repetition (intrinsic) vs. isolated (handling/cleaning); cleaners/media used; storage/stacking history.
Forms: Pane ID; product family & surface numbering; worked surface Y/N; functional coating present on worked surface? (Y/N/Unknown); reveal status; lighting/time; geometry checklist; photos attached.
Acceptance split: Post-restoration acceptance per VIS-A §6; classification ≠ acceptance. Coated-face appearance rules apply per VIS §6.2.e when the worked surface is the functional coating.

Reporting Language (Template)

Co.03.02 Hard-Coat Micro-Mottle — Fine, non-directional mottle/optical texture on surface #___ (functional coated face confirmed); MSRT (polymer): SC-0 [SC-1 localized if micro-imprint]; visible at [12/36/72 in] under VIS geometry. Morphology: planar thin-film nonuniformity, soft boundaries, no chip-flank grooves, no pits. Classification: CAT-[1/2/3] by visibility; reclassify per notes if roller-pitch, contact rub, mechanical scoring, chemical, or hot-particle indicators are present; CAT-5 if between-pane or coating-side constraints preclude in-place work. Forms + photo set attached; acceptance per VIS-A §6.

Co.04

Spandrel & Back‑Paint Systems

DSS-Co.04.01

Mottle / Cloudiness (Spandrel & Back-Paint Systems)

DSS-Co.04.01
Mottle / Cloudiness (Spandrel & Back-Paint Systems)
(Back-paint/ceramic-coated opacity system anomaly — non-uniform opacity or “clouding” visible in reflection/transmission (as designed); planar within paint/frit layer on non-viewable side; typically SC-0 from glass side; confirm system build and coated face before attribution)

Classification & Scope (Normative)

Mottle/cloudiness (spandrel/back-paint) is an appearance change confined to opaque or semi-opaque coatings applied to the non-viewable side of glass (e.g., spandrel back-paint, ceramic frit behind glass, back-coated vision bands). It presents as patchy opacity/density variation, clouding, or tone shifts that are planar within the back-coating and typically non-tactile from the glass side. Classification is appearance-only per VIS (method-agnostic). Inspect after Non-Invasive Reveal on the viewable surface under VIS lighting/geometry; record surface numbering and worked-surface status.

System identification is critical. Confirm coating type (ceramic frit vs. organic back-paint), application location (usually on #2 or #4 surface for spandrel assemblies), and vision vs. non-vision intent.

Typical Presentation (Informative)

Soft, cloud-like mottle across back-paint fields, most obvious in oblique reflections or with behind-glass illumination differences.
Opacity windows or tone bands where film thickness varies; lap or roller marks possible in long runs.
Lot or panel repetition suggests process origin; isolated patches may reflect touch-ups or substrate contamination before paint.

Field Identification Cues (Normative)

Surface-catch class (MSRT)

From the viewing (glass) side, SC-0 (planar change behind the glass).
Do not perform MSRT on the back-coating face in situ. MSRT supports classification only on the viewing surface.

Visual signature

Planar opacity/reflectance variation without surface grooves or pits on the viewing side.
No chip-flank sparkle, no fused nodules on the glass surface.
Edge read-through: variations often track application edges, mask lines, or support rails behind glass.

Viewing / lighting

Evaluate clean & dry at 12 / 36 / 72 in, normal and oblique sweep (~60°–120°); use broad specular and, where permitted, back-lighting (ambient building lighting) to accentuate opacity differences. Record distances/angles in-frame.

Location / access

Record pane ID and surface numbering (#1–#4; laminate-internal); spandrel/back-paint typically resides on non-exposed faces (e.g., #2 behind air space or #4). If the anomaly is behind the lite or within an IGU, it is inaccessible in place → CAT-5 by location for in-place work scope (classification remains Co.04.01).

Mechanism cue (context)

Application non-uniformity (wet film thickness, solvent flash), sub-surface contamination before paint, cure/oven variation, or touch-up blends. Absence of field indicators tied to mechanical or chemical attack on the viewing face.

Severity & CAT Mapping (Normative)

Assign CAT by visibility at acceptance geometry (from the viewing side). Depth values below are apparent optical, not substrate relief.

CAT-1 (Benign / non-relief): Faint cloudiness legible mainly at oblique/raking; SC-0 at the viewing surface. Indicative relief: 0–10 μm (optical only).
CAT-2 (Light): Discernible mottle at standard distance in specific lighting; SC-0 viewing surface. Indicative relief: ~10–40 μm (apparent optical).
CAT-3 (Moderate): Pane-noticeable non-uniformity at standard distance affecting perceived uniformity across a field; SC-0 viewing surface. Indicative relief: ~40–120 μm (apparent optical).
Reclassify when: If features show ring/run geometry on the viewing face → consider Ch family; if linear chip-flank grooves are present → M.01 scoring; if peppered fused nodules are visible → Th.01 hot particle (on the viewing face).
CAT-5 (by condition/location): Between-pane or back-paint face inaccessible; or coating-side constraints preclude any in-place correction → CAT-5.

CAT is appearance-based; acceptance is separate under VIS-A at 12/36/72 in. Spandrel/back-paint anomalies are typically system/producer governed; in-place restoration is out of scope when the defect is on a non-exposed face.

Differentiation & Mis-ID Pitfalls (Informative)

vs. Vision-lite coating anomalies (Co.02/Co.03): Spandrel/back-paint presents on non-vision/opaque zones and reads as opacity density change, not AR/low-E interference shifts.
vs. Chemical films (Ch): Chemistry on the viewing face shows rings/runs/etch and may yield SC-1/2; Co.04.01 remains planar SC-0 on the viewing surface.
vs. Abrasion fields (M.02): Abrasion has directional texture and SC-1; spandrel mottle lacks surface relief.
vs. Substrate defects (P.02/P.03): Seeds/striae modulate transmission but do not create opaque paint mottle boundaries.

Evidence Package *(Documentation Requirements) (Normative)

Photo set (VIS): 12 / 36 / 72 in, normal + oblique; broad specular and ambient back-lit frames to show density differences; raking macros confirming smooth viewing surface. Record distance/angle in-frame.
Face/System ID. Confirm spandrel/back-paint face and system build (shop drawings, submittals).
MSRT (viewing surface only). SC-0 expected; record result to distinguish from surface abrasion or chemical attack.
Lot/replication check. Document adjacent units for pattern repetition to support producer-intrinsic origin.
Forms: Pane ID; product family & surface numbering; worked surface Y/N; functional/back-paint coating on worked surface? (Y/N/Unknown); reveal status; lighting/time; geometry checklist; photos attached.
Acceptance split: Post-restoration acceptance per VIS-A §6 (viewing geometry); classification ≠ acceptance. Non-exposed coating faces are typically outside in-place restoration scope.

Reporting Language (Template)

Co.04.01 Mottle / Cloudiness (Spandrel/Back-Paint) — Planar opacity non-uniformity/clouding behind glass on surface #___ (back-paint/frit system confirmed); MSRT (viewing face): SC-0; visible at [12/36/72 in] under VIS geometry and [oblique/back-lit]. Morphology: cloud-like density variation, no chip-flank grooves, no surface pits. Classification: CAT-[1/2/3] by visibility; CAT-5 if between-pane/back-paint face inaccessible; reclassify only if viewing-face mechanical/chemical indicators are present. Forms + photo set attached; acceptance per VIS-A §6.

DSS-Co.04.02

Pinholes / Holidays (Spandrel & Back-Paint Systems)

DSS-Co.04.02
Pinholes / Holidays (Spandrel & Back-Paint Systems)
(Back-paint/ceramic-frit opacity system anomaly — discrete clear points/voids or ultra-thin spots within the opaque layer; reads through glass from viewing side; planar from glass surface; SC-0 at viewing face; confirm system build and coated face before attribution)

Classification & Scope (Normative)

Pinholes/holidays (spandrel/back-paint) are discrete, point-like voids or ultra-thin spots in an opaque or semi-opaque coating applied to the non-viewable side of the glass (e.g., spandrel back-paint, ceramic frit). From the viewing face they present as tiny bright/clear dots (transmission) or high-reflectance specks (reflection). The defect is planar behind the glass and non-tactile at the viewing surface. Classification is appearance-only per VIS (method-agnostic). Inspect after Non-Invasive Reveal at the viewing surface under VIS lighting/geometry; record surface numbering and worked-surface status.

System identification is critical. Confirm coating type (organic back-paint vs. ceramic frit), location (commonly #2 or #4), and vision vs. non-vision intent.

Typical Presentation (Informative)

Isolated or clustered clear points (0.1–2 mm typical), sometimes constellated along dust trails or application edges.
Under back-light: points appear bright relative to the field; under specular reflection: points sparkle.
Clusters may align with application direction, screen edges, masking lines, or particulate contamination sites.

Field Identification Cues (Normative)

Surface-catch class (MSRT)

At the viewing (glass) surface: SC-0 (planar defect behind glass).
Do not perform MSRT on the back-coating face in situ. MSRT supports classification only on the viewing surface.

Visual signature

Discrete point voids with sharp boundaries; no chip-flank sparkle, no grooves, no pits on the viewing face.
Size distribution is narrow within a cluster; repeatability across units suggests process origin (e.g., screen pinhole, dust seeds, solvent pop).

Viewing / lighting

Evaluate clean & dry at 12 / 36 / 72 in, normal and oblique sweep (~60°–120°). Use back-lit frames (ambient interior lighting) and broad specular to make points legible. Record distances/angles in-frame.

Location / access

Record pane ID and surface numbering (#1–#4; laminate-internal). If the anomaly resides on #2/#3 (IGU interior) or otherwise non-exposed back-coat, it is inaccessible in place → CAT-5 by location (classification remains Co.04.02).

Mechanism cue (context)

Particulate contamination at paint/frit application (masking dust, oil), screen printing voids, solvent pop, insufficient wet film or edge draw-down, post-cure adhesion loss at point seeds.

Severity & CAT Mapping (Normative)

Assign CAT by visibility at acceptance geometry and count/density of pinholes. Depth values are apparent optical, not substrate relief.

CAT-1 (Benign / non-relief): Few, very fine pinholes legible mainly in oblique/back-lit conditions; SC-0 viewing surface. Indicative optical relief: 0–10 μm (apparent).
CAT-2 (Light): Scattered pinholes visible at standard distance under common lighting; SC-0; aesthetic but limited area. Indicative optical: ~10–40 μm.
CAT-3 (Moderate): Clusters/bands of pinholes affecting perceived uniformity across >0.5% area or along critical sightlines; SC-0. Indicative optical: ~40–120 μm.
Reclassify when: If points correspond to front-face pits or fused nodules → Th.01 hot particle; if ring/halo chemistry appears on viewing face → Ch family; if linear grooves exist → M.01.
CAT-5 (by condition/location): Between-pane/back-paint face inaccessible, or system constraints preclude in-place correction → CAT-5.

CAT is appearance-based; acceptance is separate under VIS-A at 12/36/72 in. Spandrel/back-paint pinholes are commonly producer/system governed and outside in-place restoration scope when on non-exposed faces.

Differentiation & Mis-ID Pitfalls (Informative)

vs. Mineral peppering (Ch.03): Mineral peppering shows ring/flow context and may be SC-1/2; Co.04.02 pinholes are planar behind glass and SC-0 at the viewing surface.
vs. Hot particle embed (Th.01.02): Hot particle shows fused hemispheres/craters on the exposed face; Co.04.02 points are clear windows through an opaque back-coat.
vs. AR/low-E pinholes (Co.01.03): Functional low-E pinholes occur on vision coatings and affect interference color; spandrel pinholes occur in opaque fields and read as bright dot windows.
vs. Dust on glass: Loose dust moves/lifts with reveal; pinholes persist at fixed coordinates.

Evidence Package *(Documentation Requirements) (Normative)

Photo set (VIS): 12 / 36 / 72 in, normal + oblique; back-lit frames to make clear points evident; raking macros verifying smooth viewing surface. Record distance/angle in-frame.
Face/System ID. Confirm spandrel/back-paint face and system build (submittals/shop drawings).
MSRT (viewing surface only). Record SC-0 to distinguish from front-face mechanical/chemical attack.
Lot/replication check. Survey adjacent lites for coordinate repetition (supports producer-intrinsic origin).
Forms: Pane ID; product family & surface numbering; worked surface Y/N; functional/back-paint coating on worked surface? (Y/N/Unknown); reveal status; lighting/time; geometry checklist; photos attached.
Acceptance split: Post-restoration acceptance per VIS-A §6; classification ≠ acceptance. Non-exposed coating faces are typically outside in-place restoration scope.

Reporting Language (Template)

Co.04.02 Pinholes / Holidays (Spandrel/Back-Paint) — Discrete clear/bright points through opaque back-coat on surface #___ (system build confirmed); MSRT (viewing face): SC-0; visible at [12/36/72 in] under VIS geometry and [back-lit/specular]. Morphology: point-voids, no chip-flank grooves, no surface pits on viewing face. Classification: CAT-[1/2/3] by visibility/density; CAT-5 if between-pane/back-paint face inaccessible; reclassify only if front-face mechanical/chemical indicators are present. Forms + photo set attached; acceptance per VIS-A §6.

DSS-Co.04.03

Back-Paint Adhesion Loss Islands

DSS-Co.04.03
Back-Paint Adhesion Loss Islands
(Back-paint/ceramic-frit opacity system anomaly — localized loss of adhesion or cohesive failure within the back-coating forming “islands,” blisters, or lift at edges; reads through glass from viewing side; typically SC-0 at viewing face; confirm system build and coated face before attribution)

Classification & Scope (Normative)

Back-paint adhesion loss islands are localized detachments (adhesive or cohesive) within an opaque/semi-opaque back-coating on the non-viewable side of glass (e.g., spandrel paint, back-coated vision bands, ceramic frit overcoats). From the viewing face they present as duller/darker or brighter windows, contour-edged islands, or blisters; in advanced states they may flake, crescent at edges, or show voids at corners, fastener points, or rails. The defect is behind the glass and non-tactile from the viewing side. Classification is appearance-only per VIS (method-agnostic). Inspect after Non-Invasive Reveal at the viewing surface under VIS lighting/geometry; record surface numbering and worked-surface status.

System identification is critical. Confirm coating type (organic back-paint vs. ceramic frit), location (commonly #2 or #4), and vision vs. non-vision intent.

Typical Presentation (Informative)

Irregular “islands” or lobed patches with sharp/feathered boundaries; may show edge crescenting where paint lifts from glass.
Blister domes (sub-millimeter to several millimeters) that change contrast with oblique sweep or light grazing.
Edge-origin is common: along gasket/rail lines, fastener penetrations, mask/paint stops, splice joints, or thermal bridges.
In severe cases, flaked paint voids expose clear glass through the spandrel field.

Field Identification Cues (Normative)

Surface-catch class (MSRT)

At the viewing (glass) surface: SC-0 (planar defect behind the glass).
Do not perform MSRT on the back-coating face in situ. MSRT supports classification only on the viewing surface.

Visual signature

Contour-bounded islands/blisters; no chip-flank sparkle, no grooves, no pits on the viewing face.
Parallax confirms behind-glass location; islands maintain position relative to reflections as the observer moves.
Propagation cues: islands often grow inward from edges/corners or along hardware contact zones.

Viewing / lighting

Evaluate clean & dry at 12 / 36 / 72 in, normal and oblique sweep (~60°–120°); raking enhances island outlines and blister domes; ambient back-lighting highlights clear exposures/voids. Record distances/angles in-frame.

Location / access

Record pane ID and surface numbering (#1–#4; laminate-internal). If the anomaly resides on #2/#3 (IGU interior) or otherwise non-exposed back-coat, it is inaccessible in place → CAT-5 by location (classification remains Co.04.03).

Mechanism cue (context)

Adhesion failure due to surface prep contamination, incompatible cleaners/solvents from behind, plasticizer/chemical migration from adjacent materials, UV/thermal cycling, moisture ingress, or mechanical shear at supports. Ceramic frit generally has excellent adhesion; similar “island” presentations on frit often implicate over-coats or interposed layers, not the frit itself.

Severity & CAT Mapping (Normative)

Assign CAT by visibility at acceptance geometry and areal extent/progression (from the viewing side). Depth values below are apparent optical, not substrate relief.

CAT-1 (Benign / non-relief): Few, small islands/blisters (<5 mm), legible mainly at oblique/raking; SC-0 viewing surface; no edge propagation.
CAT-2 (Light): Scattered islands visible at standard distance; cumulative affected area ≤0.5% of the field; SC-0 viewing surface.
CAT-3 (Moderate): Clusters/bands or edge-propagating islands affecting perceived uniformity >0.5% or along critical sightlines; localized clear voids may be present; SC-0 viewing surface.
Escalation / reclassify: If front-face chemical rings/runs coexist → also classify Ch family; if front-face grooves/pits present → M/Th families.
CAT-5 (by condition/location): Between-pane/back-coat face inaccessible, or system constraints preclude in-place correction → CAT-5.

CAT is appearance-based; acceptance is separate under VIS-A at 12/36/72 in. Back-paint adhesion failures are commonly producer/system issues and outside in-place restoration scope when on non-exposed faces.

Differentiation & Mis-ID Pitfalls (Informative)

vs. Pinholes/holidays (Co.04.02): Pinholes are point-voids with sharp, tiny dots; adhesion-loss islands are larger lobed patches or blisters with contoured boundaries.
vs. Spandrel mottle (Co.04.01): Mottle is cloud-like density variation without discrete boundaries/blister domes.
vs. Front-face chemistry (Ch): Chemical attack shows rings/runs/etch at the viewing surface and can yield SC-1/2; Co.04.03 remains SC-0 on the viewing face.
vs. Delamination in laminates (A.02.06): Laminate delamination occurs within plies/interlayer, often with edge whitening/bubbles mid-thickness; back-paint islands are on the rear coating, not within laminate plies.

Evidence Package *(Documentation Requirements) (Normative)

Photo set (VIS): 12 / 36 / 72 in, normal + oblique; raking macros across island edges/blisters; back-lit frames for clear voids; document edge origin if present. Record distance/angle in-frame.
Face/System ID. Confirm back-paint/frit face and system build (submittals/shop drawings). Note adjacent gaskets/rails/adhesives that may contribute.
MSRT (viewing surface only). Record SC-0 to distinguish from front-face mechanical/chemical attack.
Lot/replication check. Survey adjacent units for pattern repetition or edge-progression to support producer/system origin.
Forms: Pane ID; product family & surface numbering; worked surface Y/N; functional/back-paint coating on worked surface? (Y/N/Unknown); reveal status; lighting/time; geometry checklist; photos attached.
Acceptance split: Post-restoration acceptance per VIS-A §6; classification ≠ acceptance. Non-exposed coating faces are typically outside in-place restoration scope.

Reporting Language (Template)

Co.04.03 Back-Paint Adhesion Loss Islands — Contour-bounded islands/blisters behind glass on surface #___ (back-paint/frit system confirmed); MSRT (viewing face): SC-0; visible at [12/36/72 in] under VIS geometry and [oblique/back-lit]. Morphology: localized adhesion/cohesive failure, possible edge-origin propagation, no chip-flank grooves/pits on viewing face. Classification: CAT-[1/2/3] by visibility/extent; CAT-5 if between-pane/back-coat face inaccessible; reclassify only if viewing-face mechanical/chemical indicators are present. Forms + photo set attached; acceptance per VIS-A §6.

Co.05

Ceramic Frit

DSS-Co.05.01

Frit Smears / Offset

DSS-Co.05.01
Frit Smears / Offset
(Ceramic frit anomaly — directional “drag,” smudge, or registration shift of the fired frit pattern; planar behind the viewing surface; typically SC-0 at the viewing face. Confirm frit face, artwork intent, and location before attribution.)

Classification & Scope (Normative)

Frit smears/offset are appearance changes within a fired ceramic frit pattern (dots/lines/graphics) where the intended edges are dragged, feathered, or shifted relative to the artwork. The anomaly is planar in the frit layer (usually on a non-viewing face such as #2 or #4) and non-tactile from the viewing surface. Classification is appearance-only per VIS (method-agnostic). Inspect after Non-Invasive Reveal at the viewing face under VIS lighting/geometry; record surface numbering and worked-surface status.

System ID is critical. Verify frit location (surface #), pattern specification (dot size/spacing/line weight), vision vs. non-vision zones, and intended artwork tolerances (shop drawings/submittals).

Typical Presentation (Informative)

Directional drag/smudge along the screen/roller travel direction; edges look wiped or teardropped.
Registration offset: entire dot array or linework appears shifted by a small, consistent vector, producing double-image or uneven margins.
Often lot-repetitive: neighboring lites show similar magnitude/direction of smear/offset.

Field Identification Cues (Normative)

Surface-catch class (MSRT)

From the viewing (glass) side: SC-0 (planar behind glass).
Do not MSRT the frit face in situ. MSRT supports classification only on the viewing surface.

Visual signature

Edge feathering/drag or vector offset of dots/lines; no chip-flank sparkle, no grooves/pits on the viewing face.
Dot geometry may become elliptical/teardrop in the direction of travel; line thickening on the lead/trailing edge.

Viewing / lighting

Evaluate clean & dry at 12 / 36 / 72 in, normal and oblique sweep (~60°–120°); use broad specular to read edge crispness, offset vector, and repeatability. Record distances/angles in-frame.

Location / access

Record pane ID and surface numbering (#1–#4; laminate-internal). If the frit resides on #2/#3 (IGU interior) or otherwise non-exposed, in-place correction is out of scope → CAT-5 by location (classification remains Co.05.01).

Mechanism cue (context)

Screen registration error, glass slip during print/transfer, wet-phase contact or roller kiss, handling disturbance before “set”, or cure/transport vibration. Process paperwork may note setup adjustments near production time.

Severity & CAT Mapping (Normative)

Assign CAT by visibility at acceptance geometry and pattern fidelity impact (edge clarity, offset magnitude). Depth values are apparent optical, not substrate relief.

CAT-1 (Benign / non-relief): Minor feather/drag legible mainly at oblique/raking; edge blur ≲ 0.1 dot diameter or line gain ≲ 10%; SC-0.
CAT-2 (Light): Discernible smear/offset at standard distance in common lighting; offset ≲ 0.25 dot diameter (or line gain 10–25%) over limited area; SC-0.
CAT-3 (Moderate): Pane-noticeable smear/offset at standard distance affecting graphic intent over ≥0.5% of the visible field; offset ~0.25–0.5 dot diameter or line gain >25%; SC-0.
Reclassify when:

Loose paint film on viewing face lifts on reveal → R.02.01 Paint overspray.
Front-face grooves/pits/chip flanks present → evaluate M/Th families.
Opacity density (cloud) shifts without edge geometry → Co.04.01 Mottle/Cloudiness.
CAT-5 (by condition/location): Between-pane/inaccessible frit face or system constraints preclude in-place work → CAT-5.

CAT is appearance-based; acceptance is separate under VIS-A at 12/36/72 in. This condition is commonly producer/system-governed when on non-exposed faces.

Differentiation & Mis-ID Pitfalls (Informative)

vs. Back-paint mottle (Co.04.01): Mottle is cloud-like density variation; Co.05.01 shows geometric edge drag/offset tied to artwork.
vs. AR/low-E anomalies (Co.02/Co.03): Functional films lack ink dot/line geometry and registration cues.
vs. Abrasion fields (M.02): Abrasion creates directional micro-texture at the viewing face (often SC-1); Co.05.01 is SC-0 at the viewing face and edge-geometry-specific.

Evidence Package *(Documentation Requirements) (Normative)

Photo set (VIS): 12 / 36 / 72 in, normal + oblique; macro frames of dot/line edges showing drag or offset; overview establishing vector direction and area. Record distance/angle in-frame.
System ID. Confirm frit face (surface #), pattern spec (dot size/spacing/line weight), lot/date; obtain shop drawings/submittals if available.
MSRT (viewing face). Record SC-0 to distinguish from front-face mechanical/chemical attack.
Lot/replication check. Survey adjacent lites for repeatability (supports process origin).
Forms: Pane ID; surface numbering & worked-surface status; reveal status; lighting/time; geometry checklist; photos attached.
Acceptance split: Post-restoration acceptance per VIS-A §6; classification ≠ acceptance. Non-exposed frit faces are typically outside in-place scope.

Reporting Language (Template)

Co.05.01 Frit Smears / Offset — Directional drag/registration shift of ceramic frit on surface #___ (frit face confirmed); MSRT (viewing face): SC-0; visible at [12/36/72 in] under VIS geometry. Morphology: edge feather/offset, no chip-flank grooves/pits at viewing face. Classification: CAT-[1/2/3] by visibility and pattern fidelity; CAT-5 if between-pane/inaccessible. Forms + photo set attached; acceptance per VIS-A §6.

DSS-Co.05.02

Pinholes / Voids (Ceramic Frit)

DSS-Co.05.02
Pinholes / Voids (Ceramic Frit)
(Ceramic frit anomaly — discrete clear points or micro-voids within the fired frit field; reads through glass from the viewing side; typically SC-0 at the viewing face. Confirm frit face, artwork intent, and location before attribution.)

Classification & Scope (Normative)

Frit pinholes/voids are discrete, point-like clearings or ultra-thin spots occurring within a fired ceramic frit pattern (dots/lines/solid fields). From the viewing face they appear as tiny bright/clear points in transmission or sparkle points in reflection. The defect is planar within the frit layer (commonly on #2 or #4) and non-tactile at the viewing surface. Classification is appearance-only per VIS (method-agnostic). Inspect after Non-Invasive Reveal at the viewing face under VIS lighting/geometry; record surface numbering and worked-surface status.

System ID is critical. Verify frit location (surface #), pattern specification (dot size/spacing/coverage), vision vs. non-vision zones, and intended tolerances (shop drawings/submittals).

Typical Presentation (Informative)

Isolated or clustered clear points typically 0.1–2.0 mm diameter, occasionally larger where solvent pop or trapped air discharged.
Constellations may align along application direction, screen edges, or contamination trails.
Under back-lighting pinholes present as bright windows; under broad specular they sparkle against the frit field.

Field Identification Cues (Normative)

Surface-catch class (MSRT)

At the viewing (glass) surface: SC-0 (defect is behind the viewing face in the frit layer).
Do not MSRT the frit face in situ. MSRT supports classification only on the viewing face.

Visual signature

Sharp-edged clear points inside the frit region; no chip-flank sparkle, no grooves/pits on the viewing surface.
Size distribution within a cluster is often narrow; repeatability across lites suggests process origin (screen/ink/wet-film/cure).

Viewing / lighting

Evaluate clean & dry at 12 / 36 / 72 in, normal and oblique sweep (~60°–120°); capture back-lit frames (ambient interior lighting) and raking macros to verify smooth viewing face. Record distances/angles in-frame.

Location / access

Record pane ID and surface numbering (#1–#4; laminate-internal). If the frit is on #2/#3 (IGU interior) or otherwise non-exposed, in-place correction is out of scope → CAT-5 by location (classification remains Co.05.02).

Mechanism cue (context)

Particulate contamination on glass or screen, insufficient wet film, air entrapment/solvent pop, screen mesh anomalies, edge draw-down, or local adhesion loss at point seeds post-fire.

Severity & CAT Mapping (Normative)

Assign CAT by visibility at acceptance geometry and count/density within critical sightlines. Depth values are apparent optical, not substrate relief.

CAT-1 (Benign / non-relief): Few, very fine pinholes legible mainly at oblique/back-lit; SC-0 viewing face; cumulative affected area negligible.
CAT-2 (Light): Scattered pinholes visible at standard distance in common lighting; SC-0; cumulative area ≤0.5% of the frit field.
CAT-3 (Moderate): Clusters/bands or repeatable rows visible at standard distance affecting perceived uniformity >0.5% area or along critical sightlines/margins; SC-0.

Reclassify when:

Points accompanied by front-face pits/fused nodules → consider Th.01 Hot particle impingement.
Loose paint on viewing face lifts on reveal → R.02.01 Paint overspray film (not frit voids).
Opacity mottle without discrete points → Co.04.01 Mottle/Cloudiness.
CAT-5 (by condition/location): Between-pane/inaccessible frit face or system constraints preclude in-place work → CAT-5.

CAT is appearance-based; acceptance is separate under VIS-A at 12/36/72 in. When on non-exposed faces, frit pinholes are typically producer/system-governed and outside in-place restoration scope.

Differentiation & Mis-ID Pitfalls (Informative)

vs. Back-paint pinholes (Co.04.02): Both read as bright points, but system and location differ; confirm ceramic frit vs. organic back-paint and face.
vs. Mineral peppering (Ch.03): Mineral systems show ring/run wetting geometry and may yield SC-1/2; Co.05.02 is ringless and SC-0 at the viewing face.
vs. Surface abrasion pitting (M/Th): True surface pits exhibit SC-1/2 and micro-crater morphology at the viewing face; frit pinholes remain planar behind glass.
vs. AR/low-E pinholes (Co.01.03): Functional low-E/AR pinholes alter interference color on vision coatings; frit pinholes occur within opaque/semi-opaque ceramic artwork.

Evidence Package *(Documentation Requirements) (Normative)

Photo set (VIS): 12 / 36 / 72 in, normal + oblique; back-lit frames to reveal points; macro/raking frames confirming smooth viewing surface.
System ID. Confirm frit face, pattern spec, lot/date; obtain shop drawings/submittals if available.
MSRT (viewing face). Record SC-0.
Lot/replication check. Survey adjacent units for coordinate repetition (supports producer-intrinsic origin).
Forms: Pane ID; surface numbering & worked-surface status; reveal status; lighting/time; geometry checklist; photos attached.
Acceptance split: Post-restoration acceptance per VIS-A §6; classification ≠ acceptance.

Reporting Language (Template)

Co.05.02 Pinholes / Voids (Ceramic Frit) — Discrete clear points within fired frit on surface #___ (frit face confirmed); MSRT (viewing face): SC-0; visible at [12/36/72 in] under VIS geometry (back-lit/specular). Morphology: point voids, no chip-flank grooves/pits at viewing face. Classification: CAT-[1/2/3] by visibility/density; CAT-5 if between-pane/inaccessible. Forms + photo set attached; acceptance per VIS-A §6.

DSS-Co.05.03

Frit Over-Spray / Edge Ghost

DSS-Co.05.03
Frit Over-Spray / Edge Ghost
(Ceramic frit anomaly — faint halo, fog, or particulate fringe extending beyond the intended frit boundary after application/firing; reads through glass from the viewing side; typically SC-0 at the viewing face. Confirm frit face, mask lines, and artwork intent before attribution.)

Classification & Scope (Normative)

Frit over-spray / edge ghost is an appearance change where fine frit particulates or mist extend just outside the intended frit edge (mask/screen boundary), producing a narrow, edge-parallel halo or ghost fringe after firing. The condition is planar within the fired frit layer (usually on #2 or #4) and non-tactile from the viewing surface. Classification is appearance-only per VIS (method-agnostic). Inspect after Non-Invasive Reveal at the viewing face under VIS lighting/geometry; record surface numbering and worked-surface status.

System ID is critical. Verify frit location (surface #), edge geometry (straight/curved, corner details), mask/artwork specification, and intended edge tolerance from shop drawings/submittals.

Typical Presentation (Informative)

Narrow halo band (commonly 1–8 mm) immediately outside the frit edge; density decays with distance from the edge.
Uniform along long edges or localized at corners/start-stop zones; may show fine “sparkle” under raking from micro-particulate in the halo.
Often lot-repetitive along identical edges, indicating process origin (mask leakage/spray plume).

Field Identification Cues (Normative)

Surface-catch class (MSRT)

From the viewing (glass) side: SC-0 (planar defect behind the glass).
Do not MSRT the frit face in situ. MSRT supports classification only on the viewing surface.

Visual signature

Edge-parallel fringe/gradient following the exact frit perimeter; no chip-flank sparkle, no grooves/pits at the viewing face.
Gradient profile: highest density at frit boundary, dissipating outward; no ring/run geometry.

Viewing / lighting

Evaluate clean & dry at 12 / 36 / 72 in, normal and oblique sweep (~60°–120°); use raking macros across the edge transition and broad specular to show halo gradient. Record distances/angles in-frame.

Location / access

Record pane ID and surface numbering (#1–#4; laminate-internal). If frit is on #2/#3 (IGU interior) or otherwise non-exposed, in-place correction is out of scope → CAT-5 by location (classification remains Co.05.03).

Mechanism cue (context)

Mask leakage, spray plume beyond mask, screen bleed at edge, electrostatic drift, or pre-fire handling shedding near boundary. Consistency along identical edges supports process attribution.

Severity & CAT Mapping (Normative)

Assign CAT by visibility at acceptance geometry and halo prominence/extent. Depth values are apparent optical, not substrate relief.

CAT-1 (Benign / non-relief): Very faint halo legible mainly at oblique/raking; halo width ≲ 2–3 mm; SC-0 viewing face.
CAT-2 (Light): Discernible fringe at standard distance in common lighting; halo width ~3–6 mm or moderate density along limited lengths; SC-0.
CAT-3 (Moderate): Pane-noticeable halo at standard distance along long edges/corners, width ≳ 6–8 mm or high density compromising edge crispness over ≥0.5% of visible field; SC-0.

Reclassify when:

Cloud-like opacity shifts without edge-parallel geometry → Co.04.01 Mottle/Cloudiness.
Loose paint on viewing face lifts on reveal → R.02.01 Paint overspray film.
Front-face grooves/pits/fused nodules → consider M/Th families.
CAT-5 (by condition/location): Between-pane/inaccessible frit face or system constraints preclude in-place work → CAT-5.

CAT is appearance-based; acceptance is separate under VIS-A §6 at 12/36/72 in.

Differentiation & Mis-ID Pitfalls (Informative)

vs. Roller pickup (Co.02.01): Roller ghosting shows panel-spanning parallel bands at fixed pitch, not edge-tied halos.
vs. Back-paint edge fog (Co.04.01): Similar halo can occur in back-paint; confirm system and face to avoid mis-attribution.
vs. Chemical halos (Ch family): Chemistry presents rings/runs/wetting geometry and may yield SC-1/2; Co.05.03 is edge-parallel, ringless, and SC-0 at the viewing face.
vs. Frit smears/offset (Co.05.01): Smears/offset impact the artwork edge itself (drag/registration); Co.05.03 is a separate fringe outside the intended boundary.

Evidence Package *(Documentation Requirements) (Normative)

Photo set (VIS): 12 / 36 / 72 in, normal + oblique; raking macros across the edge transition; overview frames showing edge length and uniformity. Record distance/angle in-frame.
System ID. Confirm frit face, mask/artwork specification, lot/date; obtain shop drawings/submittals if available.
MSRT (viewing face). Record SC-0 to distinguish from front-face mechanical/chemical attack.
Lot/replication check. Survey adjacent units/edges for repeatability (supports process origin).
Forms: Pane ID; surface numbering & worked-surface status; reveal status; lighting/time; geometry checklist; photos attached.
Acceptance split: Post-restoration acceptance per VIS-A §6; classification ≠ acceptance.

Reporting Language (Template)

Co.05.03 Frit Over-Spray / Edge Ghost — Edge-parallel halo/fringe beyond frit boundary on surface #___ (frit face confirmed); MSRT (viewing face): SC-0; visible at [12/36/72 in] under VIS geometry (oblique/raking most legible). Morphology: gradient fringe, no chip-flank grooves/pits at viewing face. Classification: CAT-[1/2/3] by visibility/extent; CAT-5 if between-pane/inaccessible. Forms + photo set attached; acceptance per VIS-A §6.

Damage Specification Standards 2026

DSS-CoCoating Anomalies

Draft v1.0

Table of Contents

Co.01

Sputtered Low‑E & Multilayer Films

DSS-Co.01.01

Abrasion Sheen Shift / Rub Marks (sputtered low-E & multilayer films)

Definition (Reference)

Typical Presentation (Informative)

Field Identification Cues (Normative)

Classification Mapping (to VIS-DA) (Normative)

Indicative Relief / Depth (Informative)

Differentiation & False Positives (Informative)

Evidence Package (Documentation Requirements) (Normative)

Mis-ID Pitfalls (Informative)

Reporting Language (Template)

DSS-Co.01.02

Color Non-Uniformity / Patchiness (sputtered low-E & multilayer films)

Definition (Reference)

Typical Presentation (Informative)

Field Identification Cues (Normative)

Classification Mapping (to VIS-DA) (Normative)

Indicative Relief / Depth (Informative)

Differentiation & False Positives (Informative)

Evidence Package (Documentation Requirements) (Normative)

Mis-ID Pitfalls (Informative)

Reporting Language (Template)

DSS-Co.01.03

Pinholes / Islands (localized coating loss; sputtered low-E & multilayer films)

Definition (Reference)

Typical Presentation (Informative)

Field Identification Cues (Normative)

Classification Mapping (to VIS-DA) (Normative)

Indicative Relief / Depth (Informative)

Differentiation & False Positives (Informative)

Evidence Package (Documentation Requirements) (Normative)

Mis-ID Pitfalls (Informative)

Reporting Language (Template)

DSS-Co.01.04

Definition (Reference)

Typical Presentation (Informative)

Field Identification Cues (Normative)

Classification Mapping (to VIS-DA) (Normative)

Indicative Relief / Depth (Informative)

Differentiation & False Positives (Informative)

Evidence Package (Documentation Requirements) (Normative)

Mis-ID Pitfalls (Informative)

Reporting Language (Template)

Co.02

Pyrolytic (Hard‑Coat) Low‑E

DSS-Co.02.01

Roller Pickup / Line Ghosting (Pyrolytic Line)

Classification & Scope (Normative)

Typical Presentation (Informative)

Field Identification Cues (Normative)

Severity & CAT Mapping (Normative)

Differentiation & Mis-ID Pitfalls (Informative)

Evidence Package *(Documentation Requirements) (Normative)

Reporting Language (Template)

DSS-Co.02.02

Surface Rub / Scuff (Pyrolytic Hard-Coat Appearance Change)

Classification & Scope (Normative)

Typical Presentation (Informative)

Field Identification Cues (Normative)

Severity & CAT Mapping (Normative)

Differentiation & Mis-ID Pitfalls (Informative)

Evidence Package *(Documentation Requirements) (Normative)

Reporting Language (Template)

DSS-Co.02.03

Local Coating Discontinuity (Pyrolytic Hard-Coat)

Classification & Scope (Normative)

Typical Presentation (Informative)

Field Identification Cues (Normative)

Severity & CAT Mapping (Normative)

Differentiation & Mis-ID Pitfalls (Informative)

Evidence Package *(Documentation Requirements) (Normative)

Reporting Language (Template)

Co.03

AR/IR/Other Functional Coats

DSS-Co
Coating Anomalies